This publication presents the proceedings of a national seminar on defending Nepal’s national interest amid emerging internal, regional, and international challenges. Organized by the Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA) with support from Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), the seminar discusses issues related to sovereignty, territorial integrity, national security, political transition, regional dynamics, and global power shifts. The report highlights the need for a coherent foreign and security policy to protect Nepal’s core national interests while maintaining balanced relations with neighboring countries and the wider international community.